Lectures

Our lecture series covers a broad spectrum of modern molecular life science, from the molecular to the system level. Four lecture hours per week are accompanied by tutorial in smaller groups to discuss the lecture topics further.

  • Lectures: Monday & Tuesday, 8:15-9:10 a.m. / break / 9:20-10:00 a.m. *
  • Tutorials (Oct-Dec 2024): Thursday (lecture Monday) & Friday (lecture Tuesday), 8:15-9:30 a.m.*
  • Tutorials (from Jan 2025): Friday, 8:15-9:30 a.m. (lecture Monday) and Friday, 10:00-11:15 a.m. (lecture Tuesday)*

* unless stated otherwise

All lectures take place in the Ludwig-Prandtl Lecture Hall of the MPI for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11 unless announced otherwise.

For an overview of the timetable of all lecture and tutorials in PDF format, please click here.

Please click on the different modules and respective lecture topics in order to see more details. The provided dates (dd.mm.yyyy / dd.mm.yyyy) are those for the lecture and tutorial, respectively.

  • Date Lecture: Monday, 30.09.2024
  • Date Tutorial: Wednesday, 02.10.2024
  • Lecturer: Silvio Rizzoli
  • Outline: The lecture will present a brief historical view of cell biology, followed by the presentation of cellular organization (organelles, membrane traffic, cytoskeleton, DNA), and finally by a presentation of several modern imaging approaches to viewing cellular structure and function. Reading.
    Keywords: cellular compartments; organelles; (confocal) microscopy; STED microcopy; electron microscopy
  • Reading: Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2008) Molecular biology of the cell, 5th Ed, Garland Publ, Chapter 12 (pp 695-704), Chapter 9 (pp 579-582; 586-587)

  • Date Lecture: Monday, 30.09.2024
  • Lecturer: Kai Tittmann
  • Outline: Reactivity, reaction pattern, reactive groups, acids and bases, nucleophiles and electrophiles, nucleophilic substitution reactions, nucleophilic carbonyl reactions, elimination reactions, redox reactions, examples from biology
  • Reading: McMurry & Begley, The Organic Chemistry of Biological Pathways, 2nd edition 2015, Chapter 1
    Further Reading: Silverman, The Organic Chemistry of Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions, Revised Edition 2002, Chapters 1, 6, 10, 11

  • Date Lecture: Monday, 07.10.2024
  • Date Tutorial: Thursday, 10.10.2024
  • Lecturer: Hauke Hillen
  • Outline: tbc
  • Reading: tbc

  • Dates Lectures: Tuesday, 08.10.2024 and Wednesday, 09.10.2024
  • Dates Tutorials: Friday, 11.10.2024
  • Lecturer: Fabian Rabe von Pappenheim, Kai Tittmann
  • Outline: Axiom of structural biology, building blocks of proteins, canonical and noncanonical amino acids, post-translational modifications, peptide bond, secondary structures, helices, sheets, loops, H-bonds, topologies, motifs, quaternary structures, intrinsically disordered proteins, folding, unfolding, protein design and engineering
  • Reading: Petsko & Ringe, Protein Structure and Function, 1st edition 2003, chapters 1.1–1.22
    Further Reading: Branden & Tooze, Introduction to Protein Structure, 2nd Edition, 1999, Chapters 1- 2

  • Date Lecture: Tuesday, 15.10.2024
  • Date Tutorial: Wednesday, 16.10.2024
  • Lecturer: Ricarda Richter-Dennerlein
  • Outline: DNA polymerases, mechanisms of DNA synthesis, fidelity of DNA replication and proofreading, replication fork, leading and lagging strand, replication initiation and termination
  • Reading:
    - Alberts et al. Molecular biology of the cell, 7th edition (2022), chapter 5
    - Watson et al. Molecular biology of the gene, 7th edition (2013), chapter 9

  • Date Lecture: Thursday, 17.10.2024
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 18.10.2024
  • Lecturer: Ramona Schulz-Hedergott
  • Outline: tbc
  • Reading: tbc

  • Date Lecture: Monday, 21.10.2024
  • Date Tutorial: Tuesday, 22.10.2024
  • Lecturer: Jan de Vries
  • Outline: Genomics, Transcriptomics, Inferring phenotype from genotype, sequence similarity, functional annotation, biological databases
  • Reading: Introduction to Genomics (Third Edition) by Arthur Lesk, Chapter "Comparative Genomics"; OUP

  • Date Lecture: Monday, 28.10.2024
  • Date Tutorial: Wednesday, 30.10.2024
  • Lecturer: Marieke Oudelaar
  • Outline: Nucleosomes and chromatin; Higher-order chromatin structures; Methods to study chromatin architecture; Mechanisms that shape the 3D genome; Relationship between genome structure and function
  • Reading: Alberts et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 6th edition, Chapter 16 The Cytoskeleton;
    additionally: selected reading, hand-outs

  • Date Lecture: Monday, 04.11.2024
  • Date Tutorial: Thursday, 07.11.2024
  • Lecturer: Jochen Rink
  • Outline: The challenge of specificity; TALENs, CRISPR/CAS systems; Cas9 structure/function, Cas9 derivatives, genome engineering with Cas9
  • Reading: Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2022) Molecular biology of the cell, 7th Ed, Garland Publ, pp 518-530 (Random mutagenesis, classifying mutations, site-specific mutagenesis, Cas9).
    Further reading: Jiang F., Doudna J.A. CRISPR–Cas9 Structures and Mechanisms Annu Rev Biophys 2017 PMID: 28375731

  • Date Lecture: Tuesday, 05.11.2024
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 08.11.2024
  • Lecturer: Argyris Papantonis
  • Outline: Epigenetics, histone marks, gene imprinting, DNA methylation, dosage compensation, chromatin genomics
  • Reading:
    - Alberts B, Johnson A, et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th Ed., Garland Publ.:
    - Chapter 4 DNA, Chromosomes, and Genomes: pp. 230-233 (inheritance of chromatin structures)
    - Chapter 7 Control of Gene Expression: pp. 467-476 (on DNA methylation, imprinting, and heritable Epigenetics)
    Further reading
    - Reinberg D, Vales LD. Chromatin domains rich in inheritance. Science 2018 361:33-34 (on epigenetic inheritance)
    - Heard E, Disteche CM. Dosage compensation in mammals: fine-tuning the expression of the X chromosome. Genes Dev. 2006 20:1848-67. (On X-inactivation)

  • Dates Lectures: Monday, 11.11.2024 and Tuesday, 12.11.2024
  • Dates Tutorials: Thursday, 14.11.2024 and Friday, 15.11.2024
  • Lecturers: Elisa Oberbeckmann, Christian Dienemann
  • Outline: Basic principles; Transcription: Initiation and Elongation; Control of gene transcription: Basics, Mechanisms, Transcription factors, Non-coding RNA; Methods
  • Reading: Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2008): Molecular Biology of The Cell, Garland Science, 5th Ed, chapters 6, 7

  • Dates Lectures: Monday, 18.11.2024 and Tuesday, 19.11.2024
  • Dates Tutorials: Thursday, 21.11.2024 and Friday, 22.11.2024
  • Lecturer: Henning Urlaub
  • Outline: Pre-mRNA splicing, group I, II, RNA structure, RNA catalysis, the spliceosome – assembly and structure, RNA-binding proteins, alternative splicing, alternative splicing and disease
  • Reading: Textbooks:
    - Alberts et al.; Molecular Biology of the Cell – Chapter “How Cells Read the Genome – From DNA to RNA”;
    - Voet, Voet – Biochemistry – Chapter: “Post-transcriptional Processing”;
    - Stryer: Biochemistry – Chapter “RNA Synthesis and Splicing”
    Further reading:
    - Wahl at al., 2009, Cell 136, 701;
    - Wahl, M. C., & Lührmann, R. (2015). SnapShot: Spliceosome Dynamics I. Cell, 161(6), 1474–e1;
    - Wahl, M. C., & Lührmann, R. (2015). SnapShot: Spliceosome Dynamics II. Cell, 162(2), 456–456.e1;
    - Wahl, M. C., & Lührmann, R. (2015). SnapShot: Spliceosome Dynamics III. Cell, 162(3), 690–690.e1;
    - Wan, R., Bai, R., Zhan, X., & Shi, Y. (2020). How Is Precursor Messenger RNA Spliced by the Spliceosome? Annual review of biochemistry, 89, 333–358;
    - Wilkinson, M. E., Charenton, C., & Nagai, K. (2020). RNA Splicing by the Spliceosome. Annual review of biochemistry, 89, 359–388;
    - Ward, W. L., Plakos, K., & DeRose, V. J. (2014). Nucleic acid catalysis: metals, nucleobases, and other cofactors. Chemical reviews, 114(8), 4318–4342;
    - Gerstberger, S., Hafner, M., & Tuschl, T. (2014). A census of human RNA-binding proteins. Nature reviews. Genetics, 15(12), 829–845;
    - Corley, M., Burns, M. C., & Yeo, G. W. (2020). How RNA-Binding Proteins Interact with RNA: Molecules and Mechanisms. Molecular cell, 78(1), 9–29

  • Dates Lectures: Monday, 25.11.2024 and Tuesday, 26.11.2024
  • Dates Tutorials: Thursday, 28.11.2024 and Friday, 29.11.2024
  • Lecturer: Marina Rodnina
  • Outline: Principles of protein synthesis; tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases; Structure and evolution of ribosomes; Initiation, elongation, termination, recycling; Fidelity; Polysomes and nascent peptides; Translational control; Antibiotics
  • Reading: Voet D, Voet JG (2005) Biochemistry, 3rd Edition

  • Date Lecture: Monday, 02.12.2024
  • Date Tutorial: Thursday, 05.12.2024
  • Lecturer: Jörg Stülke
  • Outline: Mechanisms of adaptation, Relevance and mechanisms of RNA degradation, RNA switches, attenuation, RNA thermometers, RNA-based second messengers
  • Reading (will be made available):
    - Quereda JJ, Cossart P. (2017) Regulating bacterial virulence with RNA. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 71: 263-280.
    - Bechhofer DH, Deutscher MP. (2019) Bacterial ribonucleases and their roles in RNA metabolism. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 54: 242-300.
    - Nelson JW, Breaker RR (2017) The lost language of the RNA world. Sci. Signal. 10: eaam8812.
    - Babitzke P. et al. (2019) Posttrancription initiation control mediated by bacterial RNA-binding proteins. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 73: 43-67.

  • Date Lecture: Tuesday, 03.12.2024
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 06.12.2024
  • Lecturer: Markus Bohnsack
  • Outline: RNA interference (discovery, biogenesis and proteins involved, mechanisms of siRNA and miRNA-mediated gene expression regulation, RNAi as a theraputic strategy); other regulatory RNAs; RNA modifications (types, enzymes involved, functions, disease associations)
  • Reading: Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2014) Molecular biology of the cell, 6th Ed, Garland Publ, pp 429-434 (RNAi), pp435-436 (lncRNAs),
    Further reading: Roundtree, I.A., Evans, M.E., Pan, T., He, C. (2017) Dynamic RNA Modifications in Gene Expression Regulation. Cell 169: 1187-1200.

  • Date Lecture: Monday, 09.12.2024
  • Date Tutorial: Thursday, 12.12.2024
  • Lecturer: Heike Krebber
  • Outline: Synthesis and degradation of RNA; Trafficking of RNA; Quality control at the site of transcription; Quality control at the nuclear pore complex (NPC); Quality control in the cytoplasm ( Nonsense mediated decay (NMD); Nonstop decay; No-Go decay)
  • Reading:
    - Krebs JE, Goldstein ES, Kilpatrick ST (2011) Lewin's Genes X, Part 3 (for background), Chapter 22
    - Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2008) Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th Ed, Chapter 6

  • Date Lecture: Tuesday, 10.12.2024
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 13.12.2024
  • Lecturer: Sonja Lorenz
  • Outline: Ubiquitination enzymes, specificity determinants, therapeutic opportunities, inhibitors, PROTACs/molecular glues
  • Reading: Kommander D, Rape M (2012) The Ubiquitin Code. Annu Rev Biochem 81: 203-29

  • Dates Lecture: Monday, 16.12.2024 and Tuesday, 17.12.2024
  • Date Tutorials: Tuesday, 17.12.2024
  • Lecturer: Kai Tittmann
  • Outline: Catalytic mechanisms and strategies of enzymes, covalent catalysis, metal ion catalysis, radical mechanisms, GTPases, chemical reactions in metabolic pathways, enzyme kinetics, enzyme regulation
  • Reading: Voet & Voet, Biochemistry: international Adaptation 2021, chapters 13-15
    Further Reading: Perry Frey , Enzymatic Reaction Mechanisms, 1st edition, 2007, Chapters 1-5

  • Dates Lectures: Monday, 06.01.2025 and Tuesday, 07.01.2025
  • Date Tutorials: Friday, 10.01.2025
  • Lecturer: Peter Rehling
  • Outline: Tissue-specific uptake of carbohydrates into cells; Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism by hormones; Organization, regulation and biogenesis of the oxidative phosphorylation system
  • Reading:
    - Berg et al. Biochemistry fifth Edition
    - Leninger Principles of Biochemistry fourth edition

  • Date Lecture: Monday, 13.01.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 17.01.2025
  • Lecturer: Ivo Feußner
  • Outline:
    - Utilization of the energy of the sunlight by photosynthesis is the basis for life on earth (How did photosynthesis begin?; Pigments capture the energy of sunlight; Light absorption excites a chlorophyll molecule; An Antenna is required to capture light);
    - Photosynthesis is an electron transport process (The photosynthetic machinery is constructed from modules; An oxidant and a reductant are formed during photosynthesis; Function of a photosynthetic reaction centre; Two photosynthetic reaction centres are arranged in sequence in the photosynthesis of algae and plants; Water is split by Photosystem II; The cytochrome b6/f complex mediates the electron trasnport between photosystem I and II; Photosystem I reduces NADP);
    - ATP is generated by photosynthesis (A proton gradient serves as an energy-rich intermediate state during ATP synthesis; Uncouplers dissipate the electrochemical proton gradient into heat);
    - The Calvin cycle is the reaction pathway for photosynthetic CO2 assimilation (CO2 assimilation proceeds via the photosynthetic dark reactions; Ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase catalyses CO2 fixation; Triose phosphates are formed by the reduction of 3-phosphoglycerate; There is a reductive and an oxidative pentose phosphate cycle; Regulation of the pentose phosphate cycles)
  • Reading:
    - Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2008) Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th Ed, Garland Publ, Chapter 14 (pp 840-855)
    - Nelson DL, Cox MM (2009) Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 5th Ed, W.H. Freeman, Chapter 19+20
    Further Reading
    - Buchanan BB, Gruissem W, Jones RJ (2002) Biochemistry & Molecular Biology of Plants, 1st Ed, Johns Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chapter 12 (pp 1408 paper back)

  • Date Lecture: Tuesday, 14.01.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 17.01.2025
  • Lecturer: Ivo Feußner
  • Outline: The structure of lipids (Fatty acids, glycerolipids, sphingolipids and sterols; All cells and even membranes have a specific lipid composition); Lipid biosynthesis (Formation and degradation of fatty acids; Formation of glycerolipids, sphingolipids and sterols; Prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic pathways); Lipid trafficking and sorting (Transport over membranes; Transport wihtin membranes; Transport between membranes; Membrane architecture)
  • Reading:
    - Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2008) Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th Ed, Garland Publ, Chapter 10 (pp 617-629)
    - Nelson DL, Cox MM (2009) Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 5th Ed, W.H. Freeman, Chapter 21
    Further Reading
    - Voelker DR (2009) Genetic and Biochemical Analysis of Non-Vesicular Lipid Traffic. Annu Rev Biochem 78, 827-856

  • Date Lecture: Monday, 20.01.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 24.01.2025
  • Lecturer: Alexander Stein
  • Outline: Membrane structure: fluid mosaic model and its extensions, microdomains, ‘fence and picket’ model; properties of cellular membranes; membrane curvature; membrane proteins; permeability of lipid bilayers and membrane transport mechanisms; electrical characteristics of membranes.
  • Reading: Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (20XX) Molecular biology of the cell, 6th Ed, Garland Publ, chapter 10 on membrane structure, chapter 11 pp 597-620.

  • Date Lecture: Tuesday, 21.01.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 24.01.2025
  • Lecturer: Jörg Stülke
  • Outline: The major branching points in metabolism: the hexose, triose, pyruvate and acetyl-CoA pools; The linkage between the major pathways: formation of ATP, NAD(P)H and carbon skeletons in cells; The Calvin cycle; Carbon metabolism during the day/ night rhythm in a plant leaf; Storage lipid synthesis in plant seeds; Dual control of amino acid biosyntheses by carbon and nitrogen availability in microorganisms; Omics: a set of modern methods to study metabolic networks
  • Reading:
    - Nielsen J (2003) It is all about metabolic fluxes. J Bacteriol 185: 7031-7035
    - Edwards JS, Covert M, Palsson B (2002) Metabolic modelling of microbes: the flux-balance approach. Environm Microbiol 4: 133-140
    - Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2002) Molecular biology of the cell, 4th Ed, Garland Publ, Chap 2
    - Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L (2004) Biochemistry, 5th ed, WH Freeman, Chap 20
    Further Reading:
    - Buchanan BB, Guissem W, Eds (2002) Biochemistry and molecular biology of plants. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chap 13, 20
    - Schwender J, Ohlrogge J, Shachar-Hill Y (2004) Understanding flux in plant metabolic networks. Curr Opin Plant Biol 7: 309-317
    - Hills MJ (2004) Control of storage-product synthesis in seeds. Curr Opin Plant Biol 7: 302-308

  • Date Lecture: Monday, 27.01.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 31.01.2025
  • Lecturer: Jörg Stülke
  • Outline: The human body is a superorganism composed of human and bacterial cells; Establishment of the microbiome; Bacteria and their associations with eukaryotic organisms; Normal interactions between microorganisms and the human body; The gut microbiome: diversity and functions; The impact of the microbiome on the body weight
  • Reading:
    - Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 15th edition, 2018, chapter 24
    Further Reading
    - Zoetendal et al. 2006. A microbial world within us. Mol. Microbiol. 59: 1639-1650
    - Ley et al. 2006. Human gut microbes associated with obesity. Nature 444: 1022-1023
    - Li et al. 2008. Symbiotic gut microbes modulate human metabolic phenotypes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105: 2117-2122
    - Sender et al. 2016. Are we really vastly outnumbered? Cell 164: 337-340
    - Smits et al. 2017. Seasonal cycling in the gut microbiome of the Hazda hunter-gatherers of Tanzania. Science 357: 802-806.

  • Dates Lectures: Tuesday, 28.01.2025 and Monday, 03.02.2025 and Tuesday, 04.02.2025
  • Date Tutorials: Friday, 31.01.2025 and Friday, 07.02.2025
  • Lecturer: Jürgen Wienands, Michael Engelke, Niklas Engels
  • Outline: Nuclear receptors; G protein-coupled receptors; small G proteins; protein tyrosine kinases; Ca2+ signaling; PI3 kinase; nuclear translocation of transcription factors; WNT signaling; Jak/STAT signaling; subcellular organization of signal effectors
  • Reading:
    - Marks, F, Klingmüller, U, Müller-Decker, K (2017) Cellular Signal Processing, 2nd edition Garland Science, chapters 4.1-4.4 (general); 5.2, 5.3, 5.9 (G protein-coupled receptors/ WNT); 7.1, 7.2 (tyrosine kinases); 10.1-10.3 (small G proteins); 11 (MAPK/NFkB); 14.5 (Ca2+)
    - Voet D, Voet JG, Pratt CW (2016) Fundamentals of Biochemistry, 5th edition Wiley, chapter 19
    - Cooper GM, Hausman RE (2015) The Cell, 7th edition Sinauer Associates, chapter 17
    Further Reading:
    - Kramer I (2015) Signal Transduction, 3rd edition Academic Press
    - Lim W, Mayer B, Pawson T (2014) Cell Signaling, Routledge

  • Date Lecture: Monday, 10.02.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 14.02.2025
  • Lecturer: Alexander Stein
  • Outline: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): morphology and functions; membrane proteins: recap of structural features, classification; biogenesis of membrane proteins at the ER: targeting, insertion and folding; signal recognition particle, Sec61/SecY translocon, GET pathway, EMC; biogenesis of beta barrel proteins; protein processing in the ER: disulfide bonds, N-glycosylation, chaperones; GPI anchored proteins; quality control processes: unfolded protein response, ER associated protein degradation (ERAD).
  • Reading: Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (20XX) Molecular biology of the cell, 6th Ed, Garland Publ, chapter 12 pp 641-649 (Compartmentalization of cells), 669-691 (endoplasmic reticulum).
    Further reading: Hegde RS and Keenan RJ, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2022 Feb;23(2):107-124. doi: 10.1038/s41580-021-00413-2.

  • Date Lecture: Tuesday, 11.02.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 14.02.2025
  • Lecturer: Oleksiy Kovtun
  • Outline: The secretory pathway; Biosynthesis, processing, and import of proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); Protein glycosylation, protein folding and quality control in the ER and the Golgi (including chaperones, unfolded protein response); Anterograde and retrograde vesicular protein transport between the ER and the Golgi; Mechanisms of vesicle budding (COPII, COPI) and of membrane fusion (SM proteins, Rab/ypt proteins, SNAREs); Maturation of Golgi compartments; Protein sorting in the trans-Golgi network (TGN); The endocytic pathway; Clathrin and clathrin-coated vesicles; Sorting and recycling endosomes; Multivesicular bodies, late endosomes and lysosomes; Lipid rafts and caveolae
  • Reading: Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2008) Molecular biology of the cell, 5th Ed, Garland Publ, Chapter 12 (pp 695-704, 723-748), Chapter 13 (pp 749-812)

  • Date Lecture: Monday, 17.02.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 21.02.2025
  • Lecturer: Dirk Görlich
  • Outline: Techniques for isolating and characterizing membrane proteins:
    Compartmentalisation of eukaryotic cells; division of labour between nucleus and cytoplasm; need for nuclear transport; classes of nuclear transport substrates; Structure and function of nuclear pore complexes; Digitonin-permeabilised cells as an experimental system; The "classical" nuclear protein import pathway; Importins and exportins; Nuclear import of Ran; Nuclear export of RNAs; Mechanism of nuclear pore passage; Comparison of nuclear transport with protein transport into the endoplasmic reticulum.
  • Reading: tbc

  • Date Lecture: Tuesday, 18.02.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 21.02.2025
  • Lecturer: Peter Rehling
  • Outline: Protein import pathways into mitochondria; Structure and function of translocase complexes in outer and inner membranes; Transport of proteins into the matrix; Membrane protein biogenesis; Techniques to analyze protein transport and assembly; Mitochondrial genome and protein export; Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies; Protein transport into chloroplasts; Peroxisome biogenesis and peroxisomal biogenesis disorders (PBD)
  • Reading:
    - Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2008) Molecular biology of the cell. 5th Ed, Garland Publ, relevant chapters
    - Pollard TD (2002) Cell Biology, 1st Ed, Saunders, relevant chapters

  • Date Lecture: Monday, 24.02.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 28.02.2025
  • Lecturer: Alex Faesen
  • Outline: Autophagy vs proteasomal degradation, autophagosome biogenesis, lysosomal degradation, macro- and selective autophagy, mitophagy
  • Reading:
    - Relevant chapters in Alberts et al: “transport from the trans Golgi network to lysomes” to “Autophagy degrades unwanted proteins and organelles" (pages 722-727)
    - Nakatogawa “Mechanisms governing autophagosome biogenesis” (2020) Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (will be provided)

  • Date Lecture: Tuesday, 25.02.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 28.02.2025
  • Lecturer: Peter Lenart
  • Outline: The evolution of multicellularity, types of cell adhesions, cadherins, sorting-out of cell types with similar adhesions, adhesions and tissue morphogenesis, tight junctions, gap junctions, the extracellular matrix, focal adhesions, cell migration in 2D and 3D environment, metastasis, role of adhesion in embryo development.
  • Reading: Bruce Alberts, Rebecca Heald, Alexander Johnson, David Morgan, Martin Raff: Molecular Biology of the Cell (7th edition) (2022), Norton & Company, Chapter 19: Cell Junctions and the Extracellular Matrix
  • Further Reading:
    - The Origin of Animal Multicellularity and Cell Differentiation. Brunet T, King N. Dev Cell. 2017 Oct 23;43(2):124-140. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.09.016. Review.
    - Adherens junctions: from molecules to morphogenesis. Harris TJ, Tepass U. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2010 Jul;11(7):502-14. doi: 10.1038/nrm2927. Review.
    - Dynamic contacts: rearranging adherens junctions to drive epithelial remodelling. Takeichi M. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2014 Jun;15(6):397-410. doi: 10.1038/nrm3802. Epub 2014 May 14. Review.
    - Phase Separation of Zonula Occludens Proteins Drives Formation of Tight Junctions. Beutel O, Maraspini R, Pombo-García K, Martin-Lemaitre C, Honigmann A. Cell. 2019 Oct 31;179(4):923-936.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.011.
    - Multicolor and electron microscopic imaging of connexin trafficking. Gaietta G, Deerinck TJ, Adams SR, Bouwer J, Tour O, Laird DW, Sosinsky GE, Tsien RY, Ellisman MH. Science. 2002 Apr 19;296(5567):503-7.
    - Cytoskeletal control of early mammalian development. Lim HYG, Plachta N. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2021 Aug;22(8):548-562. doi: 10.1038/s41580-021-00363-9. Epub 2021 Apr 29.
    - Cellular locomotion using environmental topography. Reversat A, Gaertner F, Merrin J, Stopp J, Tasciyan S, Aguilera J, de Vries I, Hauschild R, Hons M, Piel M, Callan-Jones A, Voituriez R, Sixt M. Nature. 2020 Jun;582(7813):582-585. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2283-z. Epub 2020 May 13.
    - Luteinizing hormone causes MAP kinase-dependent phosphorylation and closure of connexin 43 gap junctions in mouse ovarian follicles: one of two paths to meiotic resumption. Norris RP, Freudzon M, Mehlmann LM, Cowan AE, Simon AM, Paul DL, Lampe PD, Jaffe LA. Development. 2008 Oct;135(19):3229-38. doi: 10.1242/dev.025494.

  • Date Lecture: Monday, 03.03.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 07.03.2025
  • Lecturer: Dieter Klopfenstein
  • Outline:
    Intermediate Filaments and Lamins (Classification, primary sequence, domain structure of IFs (head-rod -tail) , assembly pathway, tissue distribution and specificity), Microtubules (overall structure and biochemical properties, subunit structure, assembly, microtubule nucleation, associated proteins), Actin (assembly and properties, crosslinkers, actin networks in migration), Molecular motors (Kinesins, Dynein, Myosin, organelle and cargo transport), Cilia and Flagella (cell locomotion), Mechanosensation (force sensors, transmission of extracellular forces through membranes, translation into chemical signals).
  • Reading: Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P Molecular biology of the cell, 7th Ed, Garland Publ, Chapter Cytoskeleton

  • Date Lecture: Tuesday, 04.03.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 07.03.2025
  • Lecturer: Melina Schuh
  • Outline: Aneuploidy & why do we care about Meiosis; The principles of Meiosis I and Meiosis II; Methods for studying meiosis in live mammalian oocytes; Homologous Recombination in Meiosis; Chromosome Segregation in Meiosis and Mitosis; Causes of Aneuploidy in Human Oocytes
  • Reading:
    - Charalambous C, Webster A, Schuh M (2022) Aneuploidy in mammalian oocytes and the impact of maternal ageing. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-022-00517-3;
    - Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2015) Molecular biology of the cell, 6th Ed, Garland Publ, Chapter 17 Cell Cycle -> Section on Meiosis (p. 1004-1020)Further reading: Watanabe Y. (2012) Geometry and force behind kinetochore orientation: lessons from meiosis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 16, 370-82

  • Dates Lectures: Monday, 10.03.2025 and Tuesday, 11.03.2025
  • Date Tutorials: Friday, 14.03.2025
  • Lecturer: Holger Bastians
  • Outline: Early neural development; Differentiation and regionalization of the nervous system from the neural tube; Neuro- and gliogenesis, stem cells; Proliferation and migration of cells during neural development; Mechanisms of axonal growth and pathfinding, development of neuronal polarity
  • Reading:
    - Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh, Matsudaira (2008) Molecular Cell Biology, 6th edition. W.H. Freeman and Company, UK. Chapters 4.5, 18, 20, 25.4
    - Alberts, Johnson, Lewis, Raff, Roberts, Walter (2008). Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th edition. Garland Science, UK. Chapters 5, 17
    Optional:
    - Morgan DO (2006) The Cell Cycle: Principles of Control. Oxford University Press, UK

  • Dates Lectures: Monday, 17.03.2025 and Tuesday, 18.03.2025
  • Date Tutorials: Friday, 21.03.2025
  • Lecturer: Matthias Dobbelstein
  • Outline: Apoptosis (p53; Caspases; The bcl-2 family ); Cancer Cells (Cell transformation; Oncogenes; Tumor suppressor genes; Tumor viruses (papillomavirus, adenovirus, retroviruses));
    Further points of interest for aficionados: Genetics stability, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, cancer therapy
  • Reading: Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2002) Molecular biology of the cell, 4th Ed, Garland Publ, pp 1007-1009 (p53), 1010-1014 (apoptosis), 1313-1326 (general cancer), 1330-1331 (tumor viruses), 1333-1355 (cancer critical genes)
    Further Reading: Hanahan D, Weinberg RA (2000) The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 100(1):57-70

  • Date Lecture: Monday, 24.03.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 28.03.2025
  • Lecturer: Elisabeth Heßmann
  • Outline: tbc
  • Reading: tbc

  • Date Lecture: Tuesday, 25.03.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 28.03.2025
  • Lecturer: Günter Schneider
  • Outline: tbc
  • Reading: tbc

  • Date Lecture: Monday, 31.03.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 04.04.2025
  • Lecturer: Jürgen Wienands, Michael Engelke
  • Outline: Components and functions of innate immunity; pattern recognition; antigen presentation, innate lymphocytes; development, activation, and function of T and B cells; regulatory T cells and autoimmunity; germinal center reaction; monoclonal antibodies; CAR T cells
  • Reading: Murphy KM,Weaver C, Berg L (2022) Janeway’s Immunobiology, 10th edition Norton, chapters 1 (basics); 2, 3 (innate immunity); 4, 5 (antigen receptors); 6 (antigen presentation); 8 (development of T and B cells); 9 (T cell-mediated immunity); 10 (B cell-mediated immunity); 16 (therapeutic antibodies and CAR T cells)
    Further reading: other chapters of Janeway’s Immunobiology

  • Date Lecture: Tuesday, 01.04.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 04.04.2025
  • Lecturer: Jürgen Wienands, Michael Engelke
  • Outline: Components and functions of innate immunity; pattern recognition; antigen presentation, innate lymphocytes; development, activation, and function of T and B cells; regulatory T cells and autoimmunity; germinal center reaction; monoclonal antibodies; CAR T cells
  • Reading: Murphy KM,Weaver C, Berg L (2022) Janeway’s Immunobiology, 10th edition Norton, chapters 1 (basics); 2, 3 (innate immunity); 4, 5 (antigen receptors); 6 (antigen presentation); 8 (development of T and B cells); 9 (T cell-mediated immunity); 10 (B cell-mediated immunity); 16 (therapeutic antibodies and CAR T cells)
    Further reading: other chapters of Janeway’s Immunobiology

  • Date Lecture: Monday, 07.04.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 11.04.2025
  • Lecturer: Jürgen Wienands, Michael Engelke
  • Outline: Components and functions of innate immunity; pattern recognition; antigen presentation, innate lymphocytes; development, activation, and function of T and B cells; regulatory T cells and autoimmunity; germinal center reaction; monoclonal antibodies; CAR T cells
  • Reading: Murphy KM,Weaver C, Berg L (2022) Janeway’s Immunobiology, 10th edition Norton, chapters 1 (basics); 2, 3 (innate immunity); 4, 5 (antigen receptors); 6 (antigen presentation); 8 (development of T and B cells); 9 (T cell-mediated immunity); 10 (B cell-mediated immunity); 16 (therapeutic antibodies and CAR T cells)
    Further reading: other chapters of Janeway’s Immunobiology

  • Date Lecture: Tuesday, 08.04.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 11.04.2025
  • Lecturer: Jürgen Wienands, Niklas Engels
  • Outline: Components and functions of innate immunity; pattern recognition; antigen presentation, innate lymphocytes; development, activation, and function of T and B cells; regulatory T cells and autoimmunity; germinal center reaction; monoclonal antibodies; CAR T cells
  • Reading: Murphy KM,Weaver C, Berg L (2022) Janeway’s Immunobiology, 10th edition Norton, chapters 1 (basics); 2, 3 (innate immunity); 4, 5 (antigen receptors); 6 (antigen presentation); 8 (development of T and B cells); 9 (T cell-mediated immunity); 10 (B cell-mediated immunity); 16 (therapeutic antibodies and CAR T cells)
    Further reading: other chapters of Janeway’s Immunobiology

  • Dates Lectures: Tuesday, 22.04.2025 and Wednesday, 23.04.2025
  • Date Tutorials: Friday, 25.04.2025
  • Lecturer: Uwe Groß, Carsten Lüder
  • Outline: Classification of microorganisms; Epidemiology and transmission of infectious diseases; Virulence factors associated with adhesion, invasion and establishment of infection / intoxication; Immune response mechanism; Molecular crosstalk between pathogen and host resulting in immune evasion
  • Reading:
    - Mims CA, Nash A, Stephen J (2001) Mims' pathogenesis of infectious disease, 5th Ed, Academic Press, Chap 7
    - Wilson M, McNab R, Henderson B (2002) Bacterial disease mechanisms: an introduction to cellular microbiology. 1st Ed, Cambridge University Press, Chap 9
    - Strauss JH, Strauss EG (2002) Viruses and human disease, Academic Press, chapter on Papilloma viruses
    Optional: Groisman EA (2001) Principles of bacterial pathogenesis, 1st Ed, Academic Press

  • Date Lecture: Monday, 28.04.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 02.05.2025
  • Lecturer: Ernst Wimmer
  • Outline:
    - Main Developmental Processes: Cell Division (Cleavage Patterns; Germ Line versus Somatic Cells; Genomic Equivalence; Differential Gene Expression); Pattern Formation (Asymmetric Cell Division; Induction; Morphogen Gradient; Lateral Inhibition); Morphogenesis (Cell Form Changes; Cell Migration; Apoptosis); Cell Differentiation (versus Cell Division) (Cell Specification; Cell Determination; Cell-specific Functions; Cell-specific Morphologies); Growth (size controlled; allometric)
    - Principles of Experimental Embryology: Isolation Experiment; Transplantation Experiment; Recombination Experiment; Defect Experiment
    - Developmental Model Organisms
    - Evolutionary Developmental Biology
  • Reading:
    - Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 6th edition, Chapter 21: Development of Multicellular Organisms (Overview of Development, pp. 1145 – 1155).
    - Wolpert et al., Principles of Development, 5th edition, Chapter 1: History and Basic concepts (pp. 1- 36).

  • Date Lecture: Tuesday, 29.04.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 02.05.2025
  • Lecturer: Gregor Bucher
  • Outline: Early neural development; Differentiation and regionalization of the nervous system from the neural tube; Neuro- and gliogenesis, stem cells; Proliferation and migration of cells during neural development; mechanisms of axonal growth and pathfinding, development of neuronal polarit
  • Reading:
    - Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM (2012) Principles of neural science, 5th Ed, McGraw-Hill, Chap 52 - 54
    - Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D (2011) Neuroscience, 5th Ed, Sinauer Assoc, Chap 22, 23
    Optional:
    - Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM (2012) Principles of neural science, 5th Ed, McGraw-Hill, Chap 55 – 57
    - ten Donkelaar HJ, Lammens M, Hor A. (2010) Clinical Neuroembryology: Development and Developmental Disorders of the Human Central Nervous System, Springer

  • Date Lecture: Monday, 05.05.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 09.05.2025
  • Lecturer: Luis Pardo
  • Outline: Structural hallmarks of neurons. Membrane potential. Passive spread of electrical signals. Action potential. Active propagation of electrical signals. Classification and general structure of ion channels. Overview of gating mechanisms, protein structure)
  • Reading:
    - Alberts et al, 7th edition. Chapter 11, Small-Molecule Transport and Electrical Properties of Membranes. Section: Channels and electrical properties of membranes.
    - Kandel et al., Principles of Neural Science, 6th edition. Chapter 7: The cells of the Nervous system.
    Further Reading: Vierra, N.C.; Trimmer, J.S. Ion Channel Partnerships: Odd and Not-So-Odd Couples Controlling Neuronal Ion Channel Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022, 23, doi:10.3390/ijms23041953.

  • Date Lecture: Tuesday, 06.05.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 09.05.2025
  • Lecturer: Nils Brose
  • Outline:
    - The problem of cell-type specific synaptic connectivit
    - Basic principles of neurite guidance processes
    - Neurite growth cone dynamics and steering mechanisms
    - Molecular principles of synaptogenesis (adhesion and scaffold proteins)
    - Commonalities across species - from worm to human
    - Cell adhesion protein families and cell-type specific synaptic connectivity
  • Reading: Purves et al. (2018) Neuroscience. 6th Edition, Sinauer Associates, New York - Chapters 23, 24

  • Date Lecture: Monday, 12.05.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 16.05.2025
  • Lecturer: Nils Brose
  • Outline:
    - Structure of electrical and chemical synapses
    - Basic characteristics of electrical synapses
    - Action potential, presynaptic calcium channels
    - Mechanisms of transmitter release
    - Ionotropic transmitter receptors
    - Metabotropic transmitter receptors and their signaling principles
    - Neuromuscular junction in vertebrates
  • Reading: Purves et al. (2018) Neuroscience. 6th Edition, Sinauer Associates, New York - Chapters 3-7

  • Date Lecture: Tuesday, 13.05.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 16.05.2025
  • Lecturer: Tobias Moser
  • Outline: Hearing, Vision, Olfaction
  • Reading:
    - Lodish, Molecular Cell Biology. Chapter 21.6 Sensory Transduction (p. 951-959, IVth Edition)
    - Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th Edition, pp. 916-921 (part of Chapter 15)
    Further Reading: Kandel, Schwartz & Jessel (2002) Principles of Neuroscience, 4th Edition, Chapters 25 to 27

  • Date Lecture: Monday, 19.05.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 23.05.2025
  • Lecturer: André Fischer
  • Outline: tbc
  • Reading: tbc

  • Date Lecture: Tuesday, 20.05.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 23.05.2025
  • Lecturer: NN
  • Outline: tbc
  • Reading: tbc

  • Date Lecture: Monday, 26.05.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 30.05.2025
  • Lecturer: Jan de Vries
  • Outline: tbc
  • Keywords: tbc
  • Reading: tbc

  • Date Lecture: Tuesday, 27.05.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 30.05.2025
  • Lecturer: Rüdiger Behr
  • Outline: Stem Cells: What are stem cells? Definition and basics; Classification of stem cells; Adult stem cells; The stem cell niche; Pluripotent stem cells (Embryonic stem cells, Induced pluripotent stem cells, Functional testing of pluripotency);
    Relevance of Stem Cells: Regenerative medicine; Disease modelling and drug testing; Developmental biology / cell differentiation in vitropunkt
  • Reading:
    - Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition, Chapter 23 (Textbook)
    - Review collection

  • Date Lecture: Monday, 02.06.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 06.06.2025
  • Lecturer: Jörg Stülke
  • Outline: tbc
  • Reading: tbc

  • Date Lecture: Tuesday, 03.06.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 06.06.2025
  • Lecturer: Stefanie Pöggeler
  • Outline: tbc
  • Reading: tbc

  • Date Lecture: Tuesday, 10.06.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 13.06.2025
  • Lecturer: Ivo Feußner
  • Outline: tbc
  • Reading: tbc

  • Date Lecture: Wednesday, 11.06.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 13.06.2025
  • Lecturer: Ernst Wimmer
  • Outline: tbc
  • Reading: tbc

  • Date Lecture: Monday, 16.06.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 20.06.2025
  • Lecturer: Jochen Rink
  • Outline: Universal design principles of regeneration, Planarian anatomy and physiology, planaria as regeneration model, planarian stem cells, the Wnt signaling pathway, the role of Wnt signaling in regeneration, open questions.
  • Reading: Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2022) Molecular biology of the cell, 7th Ed, Garland Publ, pp 1296-1300 (Regeneration and Repair).
    Further reading: Reddien, P.W. The Cellular and Molecular Basis for Planarian Regeneration Cell (2018) PMID: 30290140

  • Date Lecture: Tuesday, 17.06.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 20.06.2025
  • Lecturer: Melina Schuh
  • Outline: Early Embryo Development; Primordial Germ Cell (PGC) Development and Specification; PGC Migration; PGC Differentiation and the Ovarian Reserve; Folliculogenesis; Ovulation and formation of the corpus luteum; Ovarian aging and menopause; Ovarian disorders
  • Reading / Video:
    - Germ cell plasm and the Determination of the primordial germ cells, Gilbert, Developmental Biology 6th edition (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10073/)
    - Oogenesis in Mammals, Gilbert, Developmental Biology 6th edition (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10008/)
    - Human embryonic development (video summary; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4YKvVeVMmEE)
    Further reading: PGC specification: Kobayashi and Surani, DOI: 10.1242/dev.150433, Development 2018

  • Date Lecture: Monday, 23.06.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 27.06.2025
  • Lecturer: Michael Heide
  • Outline: Models in science, definition of organoids, generation of organoids (source materials, classification, differences), pancreatic organoids, brain organoids, genetic modification of organoids, limitations of organoids
  • Reading:
    - Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2022) Molecular biology of the cell, 7th Ed, Garland Publ, pp 1306 (Organoids), pp 1290-1291 (stem cell niche);
    - Kim, J., Koo, BK. & Knoblich, J.A. Human organoids: model systems for human biology and medicine. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 21, 571–584 (2020);
    - Hofer, M., Lutolf, M.P. Engineering organoids. Nat Rev Mater 6, 402–420 (2021).
    Further reading:
    - Balak, J.R.A., Juksar, J., Carlotti, F. et al. Organoids from the Human Fetal and Adult Pancreas. Curr Diab Rep 19, 160 (2019);
    - Heide, M., Huttner, W.B., Mora-Bermúdez, F. Brain organoids as models to study human neocortex development and evolution. Curr Op in Cell Biol 55, 8-16 (2018)

  • Date Lecture: Tuesday, 24.06.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Friday, 27.06.2025
  • Lecturer: Heidi Hahn
  • Outline: Outline of mouse development (Preimplantation development; Mouse genetics; Mouse mutants); Transgenic technologies (Pronuclear injection;ES-cell-technology; Gain of function; Loss of function); Stem cells (Embryonic stem cells)
  • Reading:
    - Wolpert L, Beddington R, Brockes J, Jessell T, Lawrence P, Meyerowitz E (1998) Principles of development, Oxford University Press, p 25-41
    - Gilbert SF (2003) Developmental biology, 7th Ed, Sinauer Associates, p 364-376
    Further Reading: Hogan B, Beddington R, Costantini F, Lacy E (2003) Manipulating the mouse embryo, Cold Spring Harbor Press

  • Date Lecture: Monday, 30.06.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Wednesday, 02.07.2025
  • Lecturer: Lutz Walter
  • Outline: Model organisms: Primates; Biology and phylogeny of primates; Problems in phylogenetic analyses; Hybridization of species; Biomedical research with primates
  • Reading:
    - Perelman P, Johnson WE, Roos C, Seuánez HN, Horvath JE, Moreira MA, Kessing B, Pontius J, Roelke M, Rumpler Y, Schneider MP, Silva A, O'Brien SJ, Pecon-Slattery J (2011) A molecular phylogeny of living primates. PLoS Genet 7: e1001342
    - Gardner MB, Luciw PA (2008) Macaque models of human infectious disease. ILAR J. 49: 220–255
    - Mittermeier RA, Rylands AB, Wilson DE eds. (2013) Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol. 3 Primates. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona

  • Date Lecture: Tuesday, 01.07.2025
  • Date Tutorial: Wednesday, 02.07.2025
  • Lecturer: Stefan Pöhlmann
  • Outline: HIV particle architecture, genome organization, replication and pathogenesis; Simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV) and the origin of HIV; Non-human primate models for HIV infection of humans; Species barriers in HIV/SIV infection: Restriction factors; Seasonal and pandemic influenza, viral factors determining transmission and pathogenicity; Animal models for influenza virus infection of humans
  • Reading:
    - Fields Virology, 5th edition, Volume 2, Chapters Retroviridae and Orthomyxoviridae, Wolters Kluwer, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
    - Principles of Virology, 3rd Edition, Volume 2, Chapters on Cytosine Deamination (Apobec, Apolipoprotein B Editing Complex), Trim Proteins (Tripartite Interaction Motif), American Society of Microbiology (ASM)
    - Misra et al., Macaques as model hosts for studies of HIV-1 infection. Front Microbiol. 2013, 4:176
    - Yan N, Chen ZJ. Intrinsic antiviral immunity. Nat Immunol. 2012,13(3):214-22
    - Gustin et al., Innovations in modeling influenza virus infections in the laboratory. Trends Microbiol. 2012, 20(6):275-81
    - Kolata G. Flu, The story of the great influenza pandemic of 1918 and the search for the virus that caused it. Simon & Schuster, New York